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article · Parasite Epidemiology and Control

T cell exhaustion in Giardia intestinalis infection: A review

Abstract

The activation and proliferation of T cells are key to the clearance of <i>Giardia</i> infection. Most cytokine profiles are markedly elevated during <i>Giardia</i> infection. Cytokine responses vary depending on host immunity and parasite load. Understanding the roles of cytokines in both T-cell and B-cell-mediated immunity could guide treatment protocols and control measures.

Research topics

  • Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
  • Amoebic Infections and Treatments
  • Immune Cell Function and Interaction

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DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2026.e00500

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