Systematic review on Aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia: current status and implications

Abstract

Aflatoxin contamination poses significant threats to public health and economic stability, particularly in regions like Ethiopia, where agricultural practices are central to livelihoods. This review provides a snapshot of the current status of Aflatoxin contamination globally, with a focus on Ethiopia. Aflatoxin contamination is a global concern, affecting both developed and developing countries. In Africa, where climatic conditions favor the growth of Aflatoxin-producing fungi, the problem is particularly acute. Ethiopia, as one of Africa's largest agricultural producers, faces significant challenges in mitigating Aflatoxin contamination. Major sources of Aflatoxin in Ethiopia include groundnuts, maize, and other staple crops, with inadequate storage facilities and poor agricultural practices exacerbating the issue. Several African countries, including Ethiopia, experience adverse effects on public health due to Aflatoxin exposure, ranging from acute toxicity to chronic health problems such as liver cancer. Furthermore, Aflatoxin contamination imposes substantial economic burdens, including reduced agricultural productivity, trade restrictions, and increased healthcare costs. Mitigation strategies for Aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia and other affected regions encompass a multifaceted approach, including improved agricultural practices, proper drying and storage techniques, and the development and implementation of regulatory measures and quality control standards. Additionally, promoting crop diversification and investing in research and technology for Aflatoxin detection and management are crucial components of effective mitigation strategies. In conclusion, Aflatoxin contamination in Ethiopia and Africa remains a pressing issue with far-reaching implications for public health and economic development.