Synthesis of Tin/Tin Oxide (Sn-SnO₂) Microparticles Scattered on Natural Phosphate and Its Utilization in Capturing Amoxicillin Antibiotic in Real Water Samples

Abstract

Microparticles of tin and tin oxide scattered on natural phosphate (Sn-SnO 2 )-NPh were thermally prepared and then used as a modifier of a graphite electrode for amoxicillin (AMX) detection using DPV. It was characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD. The Sn formation was confirmed by the appearance of their corresponding peaks in the XRD pattern. In addition, the transformation of Sn into SnO 2 and Ca(SnO 4 ) and SnF 4 as a function of temperature was observed. The charge transfers resistance (Rct) value of the (Sn-SnO 2 )-NPh-CPE is 71.07 Ω, indicating a higher electron transfer capacity compared to NPh-CPE (92.32 Ω) and CPE (108.5 Ω). Also, it has an area surface high. This result indicates, the synergetic interaction between these materials structures increased the electrochemical activity. The AMX oxidation at the (Sn-SnO 2 )-NPh-CPE is controlled by a diffusion process with the transfer of two electrons. The quantification provided a good linear relationship in the range of AMX concentration from 7.0 × 10 −7 to 1.0 × 10 −5 mol l −1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.982. The detection limit was calculated as 1.89 × 10 −7 mol l −1 . Satisfactory results were obtained from the detection of the AMX in different samples using the prepared electrode.