Synthesis of spiro-lactam hydrazones by clay catalysis: toxicity, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and <i>In silico</i> assessments

Abstract

studies were conducted, integrating molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, alongside comprehensive ADME analyses. This study establishes spiro-lactam hydrazones as a new class of environmentally friendly multifunctional agents, combining antioxidant and metabolic therapeutic potential through a base-free and sustainable catalytic process.