article · Results in Chemistry
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesised using royal jelly and subsequently evaluated for gas sensing capabilities. Comprehensive characterisation using transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed that the produced nanoparticles had an average size of 31.75 nanometres. When tested across different temperatures and time intervals, the material functioned as an active sensor for both oxygen and ammonia gases. The highest sensitivity response for oxygen reached 11.1 percent at 100 degrees Celsius, with a rapid response time of 18 seconds and a recovery time of 23 seconds. For ammonia, the highest sensitivity of 12 percent occurred at room temperature, specifically 25 degrees Celsius, while recording a recovery time of 22 seconds at 25 degrees Celsius and a response time of 25 seconds at 100 degrees Celsius.
Detecting gases such as ammonia and oxygen accurately is essential for environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and process control. Using biologically derived agents like royal jelly offers an alternative route for synthesising sensing nanomaterials. Demonstrating rapid response and recovery times, particularly for ammonia detection at room temperature, shows promise for creating functional chemical sensors that do not require continuous high operating temperatures.
This research could support the development of chemical sensors for industrial safety monitoring, emissions tracking, or environmental testing where oxygen and ammonia detection is needed. Instrument manufacturers and sensing technology developers could utilise this material. The work represents early-stage laboratory research, as the findings are limited to preliminary sensitivity, response, and recovery measurements under controlled temperature settings without testing in complex environments or field prototypes.
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In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesised using royal jelly. The prepared NPs were characterised through transmission electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The size of the ZnONPs was 31.75 nm. The produced ZnONPs were evaluated as gas sensors for O2 and NH3 gases at various temperatures and time intervals. The highest sensitivity response to O2 (i.e. 11.1%) was recorded at 100°C. The highest sensitivity response to NH3 (i.e. 12%) was observed at 25°C. The sensor exhibited the shortest response and recovery times at different temperatures for O2 and NH3 gases, respectively. At 100°C, the response time for O2 gas was 18 s, and the recovery time was 23 s. For NH3 gas, the response time was 25 s at 100°C, and the recovery time was 22 s at 25°C. These findings demonstrate the unique response and recovery features of the sensor.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2023.101064
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