article · Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences
Silver nanoparticles were synthesised using three different chemical routes involving sodium borohydride, lactose, and sodium citrate with one-year aging to generate uniform prism shapes. These nanoparticles were then loaded with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin to create functionalised antibacterial composites. Analytical testing confirmed differences in average particle size and distribution depending on the synthesis technique. Laboratory assessments against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated that the nanocomposites significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against both pathogens. The prism-shaped composites displayed the strongest antibacterial performance, as their edges and vertices aided the penetration of silver ions through bacterial cell walls. In addition, the composite materials exhibited higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative bacteria due to inherent differences in cell wall composition.
Bacterial infections present persistent treatment challenges, necessitating more effective methods to deliver conventional antibiotics. By combining ciprofloxacin with silver nanoparticles, this technique improves antibacterial performance against common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Revealing that nanoparticle shape directly influences cell wall penetration provides valuable principles for designing more potent nanotechnology-based antimicrobial agents.
This research is at an early laboratory stage, demonstrating enhanced antibacterial effects in disc diffusion assays. The approach could eventually interest pharmaceutical developers or medical product manufacturers seeking more effective antimicrobial formulations. Substantial development remains necessary to validate biological safety, assess performance in living systems, and address manufacturing feasibility, especially given the one-year aging period used to form the prism-shaped nanoparticles.
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Ciprofloxacin (CIP) antibiotic was loaded on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were prepared by three different methods to enhance their antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. AgNPs were prepared by using sodium borohydride (NaBH4), lactose and sodium citrate followed by one-year aging, in order to produce a uniform prism shape. Finally, the synthesized AgNPs were functionalized with CIP to form composite of AgNPs-CIP. Various analytical techniques were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites such as ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). TEM images showed some differences in average particle size of AgNPs and their distribution according to the preparation methods. Disc diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of AgNPs-CIP composites. Results showed a significant improvement in antibacterial activity against both classes of bacteria especially for the prism AgNPs-CIP. Owing to nanoprisms vertexes and edges which facilities the penetration of Ag ions into the cell wall. AgNPs-CIP composites exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive than Gram-negative bacteria due to the differences in bacteria cell walls compositions between the two types.
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DOI: 10.1080/16878507.2020.1748941
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