Sustainable Insect-Based Diets in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Prevalence, Acceptability and Impact on Nutritional Status

Abstract

Malnutrition-including undernutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and overweight-remains a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa, largely driven by food insecurity. Edible insects have been proposed as a sustainable, nutrient-dense dietary alternative with potential to improve food security and nutritional outcomes. This review analyses studies published until January 2024 in PubMed and Google Scholar assessing the prevalence, acceptability and nutritional impact of insect-based diets in sub-Saharan Africa. Thirteen original studies, predominantly qualitative, conducted in 8 of 47 countries in the region, met inclusion criteria. Two reviews provided additional evidence. Most studies focused on acceptability, which was strongly influenced by cultural and religious norms. Higher acceptance was observed among older individuals and those with lower educational attainment, while younger and more urbanized populations showed greater reluctance. Reported motivations for consumption included tradition, taste and perceived nutritional value. Some studies highlighted potential health risks related to food safety and the need for improved regulatory frameworks. The available nutritional analyses showed that edible insects are rich in protein and essential micronutrients, particularly iron and zinc, suggesting their potential to address common deficiencies. Although evidence on long-term nutritional impact remains limited, current findings support the feasibility and potential public health relevance of promoting insect-based diets in low-income settings.