Sustainable Building Materials as Drivers of Environmentally Friendly Architecture: Evidence from Perception of Bamboo and Unfired Clay Bricks

Abstract

The construction industry is among the most resource-intensive and environmentally damaging sectors, largely due to reliance on energy-intensive materials such as cement and steel. Growing concerns over climate change and resource depletion have increased interest in sustainable building materials as drivers of environmentally friendly architecture. This study examines the role of bamboo and unfired clay bricks in promoting sustainable architectural practices. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining literature review, comparative case studies, questionnaire surveys, and semi-structured interviews with architects, engineers, and construction professionals. Data from 150 respondents and interviews with 20 professionals were analysed to evaluate environmental performance, feasibility, user perception, and barriers to adoption. Findings indicate that bamboo and unfired clay bricks are widely regarded as environmentally preferable due to their low carbon footprint, renewability, biodegradability, and reduced production energy. Key factors influencing their eco-friendliness include carbon emission reduction, biodegradability, and availability of renewable resources. However, limited awareness, regulatory challenges, resistance to change, technical concerns, and skill requirements remain major obstacles to widespread adoption. The study concludes that bamboo and unfired clay bricks hold strong potential to advance environmentally friendly architecture, particularly in developing countries, if supported by appropriate policies, technical standards, capacity building, and increased stakeholder awareness.