Surgical, pathological, and microbiological characterization of cutaneous keloid fibroma in the thigh region of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius): nine cases (September 2022–April 2026)

Abstract

Aim This study aimed to investigate the clinical, microbiological, and histopathological characteristics of cutaneous keloid fibroma and to evaluate the efficacy of surgical management in camels. Methods Nine dromedary camels of various breeds (five Asfar, two Shageh, one Wadeh, and one Mejhem) presented with cutaneous fibrous masses located at the caudal aspect of the thigh region. All cases underwent detailed clinical assessment followed by microbiological and histopathological analyses. Results Clinically, lesions were characterized by firm, well-demarcated, and slowly progressive masses; all cases (9/9) were non-painful on palpation, while restricted mobility and functional impairment were observed in a subset of cases (noted in larger or strategically located lesions). Microbiological examination revealed Staphylococcus warneri in all examined cases (9/9), indicating consistent secondary bacterial colonization rather than a primary diagnostic feature. Histopathological findings demonstrated marked fibro-collagenous proliferation with dense hyalinized collagen bundles, low cellularity, and minimal inflammatory infiltration, consistent with keloid fibroma. Surgical excision with complete removal of the fibrous mass was performed in all cases and was found to be safe and effective. Postoperative outcomes were favorable, with satisfactory wound healing and no evidence of recurrence during a six-month follow-up period. Conclusion Clinical and histopathological evaluations are essential and sufficient for accurate diagnosis, whereas microbiological findings support identification of secondary infection but are not indispensable for diagnosis. Surgical excision remains the treatment of choice, providing favorable clinical outcomes and restoration of function, with consistent terminology aligned with the reported results.