article · Agronomy
Winter peanut production often faces challenges from low-temperature stress alongside uncertain nitrogen fertiliser requirements. Field trials conducted over two winter seasons evaluated the effects of different nitrogen levels combined with rhizobium inoculants and polythene mulch on irrigated peanut growth, yield, and profitability. The results demonstrated that applying the full recommended dose of nitrogen alongside rhizobium inoculation and polythene mulch achieved the highest plant growth, crop yield, and nutrient uptake across plant parts. This specific combination also delivered the highest financial return. Conversely, maximum root nodulation was observed when applying seventy-five percent of the recommended nitrogen dose with rhizobium under polythene mulch. Highest nitrogen use efficiency occurred at fifty percent of the recommended nitrogen dose without rhizobium.
Peanuts are a vital source of plant-based protein, vegetable oil, and essential minerals globally. Identifying ideal agronomic practices for winter cultivation helps overcome temperature stresses and balances fertiliser applications. This work provides clear evidence on how combining specific mulch and biological inoculants with mineral fertiliser can improve harvest yields and overall economic returns for growers.
These findings provide practical agronomic protocols for peanut farmers and agricultural extension services managing winter crops. The approach is applied and tested in field trials, offering an actionable farm management regime using existing commercial inputs, specifically standard nitrogen fertilisers, rhizobium inoculants, and polythene mulch, to optimise yield and economic returns.
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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is adorned as the one of the important sources of vegetable oil, protein, vitamins and several minerals, which could mitigate the nutritional gap worldwide. However, peanut cultivation in winter suffers from low temperature stress and knowledge lacuna regarding the optimum dose nitrogen. Therefore, the present investigations were carried out during the winter seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 at the district seed farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, an agricultural university in West Bengal, India (23°26’ N, 88°22´ E, elevation 12 m above mean sea level) to facilitate the comprehensive study of plant growth, productivity and profitability of an irrigated peanut crop under varied levels of nitrogen: with and without a rhizobium inoculants and with and without polythene mulch. Quality traits and nutrient dynamics were also itemized. Fertilizing with 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen combined with rhizobium inoculant and polythene mulch significantly enhanced peanut plant growth, yield and yield-attributing traits, while resulting in the maximum fertilizer (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by different plant parts. The greatest number of root nodules occurred in the treatment that received 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with rhizobium supplementation under polythene mulch, while 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with no rhizobium resulted in maximum fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. Applying the full recommended dose of nitrogen with the rhizobium inoculants and mulch resulted in maximum profitability in the peanut crop.
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DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10101513
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