Substance use and generalized anxiety disorder in university students: evidence from the university of Douala, Cameroon

Abstract

University students are vulnerable to mental health disorders, including substance use disorder (SUD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). However, data on the association between SUD and GAD in African university settings remain scarce. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SUD and GAD and to explore their relationship among students at the University of Douala, Cameroon. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted from March 1 to May 31, 2024. Participants were level 1 to level 5 students recruited using non-probability sampling. SUD was diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria via a self-administered questionnaire, and GAD was assessed using the GAD-7 scale. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Among the 917 students included (54.8% female), the prevalence of SUD was 15.7% and that of GAD was 26.4%. GAD was present in 45.8% of students with SUD. SUD was significantly associated with GAD (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.99–4.15; p < 0.001). Male gender (OR = 1.96; p = 0.001), history of psychiatric disorders (OR = 3.69; p < 0.01), and living alone (OR = 3.45; p < 0.01) were also significantly associated with the co-occurrence of both disorders. SUD and GAD are both prevalent among university students, with a significant association between the two conditions. Students with SUD were nearly three times more likely to report symptoms of GAD. These findings highlight the importance of integrated screening and mental health support strategies targeting both disorders in university settings. Not applicable.