Study of the Impact of Ambient Temperature on the Maximum Temperature Reached by a PV Solar Panel

Abstract

The increase in the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) cells is a critical factor that negatively affects the efficiency of converting solar radiation into electrical energy. This phenomenon not only reduces energy conversion efficiency but also causes damage to PV components, thereby preventing the achievement of the intended energy production goals. Moreover, the heating of PV modules has two significant impacts: first, a reduction in energy efficiency, and second, a decrease in the lifespan of the solar cells. Therefore, projects aimed at producing clean electrical energy using PV solar panels must consider the study of installation sites for PV solar plants and the impact of environmental conditions on panel performance. Given that an increase in PV cell temperature reduces their productivity, this study examines the impact of ambient temperature on the maximum temperature reached by a PV solar panel and analyzes the results. The results show that installing solar panels in harsh environments characterized by high temperatures, such as Ouarzazate in Morocco, can cause these panels to reach critical temperature thresholds of up to 115°C under high solar flux, which can lead to solar system failure and thus the failure of the entire project. In addition, the heating of photovoltaic modules has two major impacts: firstly, energy efficiency is reduced by around 0.44% for every 1°C increase, and overall efficiency is reduced from 16% to less than 10% under extreme conditions; secondly, solar cell life is shortened. Finally, this study highlights the importance of carrying out thorough climatic and environmental assessments before establishing solar photovoltaic power plants. It also highlights the importance of employing high-performance cooling systems or innovative technologies to reduce the impact of heat on photovoltaic panels. This approach is essential to ensure the longevity and efficiency of solar photovoltaic installations, and to achieve our ambitions for sustainable, green energy production.