article · Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials
Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesised using plant extracts from Thymus, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Daucus carota. These green nanoparticles were subsequently incorporated into blends of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol to create three distinct nanocomposites. Structural and spectroscopic assessments confirmed the semicrystalline nature of the composites and verified their characteristic chemical functional groups. Transmission electron microscopy revealed mostly spherical, irregularly distributed nanoparticles with radii ranging between 10 and 40 nanometres. When evaluated against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans, the nanocomposites showed clear antibacterial activity. The formulation containing nanoparticles derived from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis proved the most potent, achieving high inhibition relative to standard streptomycin controls. Because the preparation avoids harmful chemicals, the resulting materials are highlighted for biological use.
Developing effective antibacterial materials without toxic chemical precursors is important for healthcare and safety. By combining green nanotechnology with biocompatible polymers, this approach demonstrates that natural plant extracts can yield potent antimicrobial composites. This offers an environmentally friendly alternative for controlling common bacterial pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.
The abstract highlights potential biological applications, which would be of interest to developers of medical, hygienic, or biomaterial products seeking non-toxic antimicrobial formulations. The technology is currently at an early laboratory stage, focused on material synthesis and in vitro antibacterial testing against selected microorganisms. Further safety profiling, formulation optimisation, and translational testing would be necessary before these composites could be adapted for commercial development.
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Abstract In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) was produced using extracts of Thymus (Z), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (K), and Daucus carota (G). Furthermore, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were combined with ZnO to form three novel nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used for the structural analysis, where the semicrystalline nature of the (CMC/PVA)/ZnO nanocomposites was confirmed. The characteristics functional groups that arose inside the prepared samples were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Evidence for the successful preparation of the pure ZnO particles and their nanocomposites was carried out using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The ZnO nanoparticles are mostly spherical, irregularly distributed, and have radii ranging from 10 to 40 nm. Their anti-bacterial activity was studied against B. subtilis , E. coli, and Candida albicans . The inhibition zones of all the prepared samples against E. coli were 0, 19, 31, and 23 mm for PVA/CMC blend, PVA/CMC/ZnO (Z) (PCZ-Z), PVA/CMC/ZnO (K) (PCZ-K), and PVA/CMC/ZnO (G) (PCZ-G), respectively, compared to the streptomycin control Gram-positive standard with inhibition zone (34 mm). On the other hand, the inhibition zones of the prepared samples against B. subtilis were equal to 0, 26, 33, and 28 mm for CMC/PVA, PCZ-Z, PCZ-K, and PCZ-G, respectively. Based on these results, the PCZ-K sample is the most effective at resisting E. coli (91.17%) and B. subtilis (94.28%). These nanocomposites do not have harmful chemicals, making them strong candidates for use in biological applications.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10904-023-02622-y
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