book chapter
Technical and Vocational Education and Training programmes are widely used across the Global South to encourage entrepreneurship and self-employment. However, standard evaluation methods often focus narrowly on enrolment rates, certifications, and business start-up numbers, leaving the long-term sustainability of these entrepreneurial outcomes largely unassessed. To address this gap, a conceptual monitoring and evaluation framework has been created. The framework connects multiple theoretical perspectives, incorporating results-based management alongside wider ecosystem factors. It examines outcomes across four distinct areas: skills development, enterprise sustainability, institutional support, and broader socio-economic impacts. By applying a multidimensional and longitudinal approach, this framework provides structured guidance to help policymakers, educators, and researchers evaluate TVET programmes more thoroughly and support durable entrepreneurship.
Effective vocational training should produce resilient businesses rather than temporary start-ups. Moving beyond simple graduation counts allows governments, international donors, and training providers to understand whether vocational programmes generate lasting economic stability and community benefits. A clearer monitoring model helps ensure public and private investments in vocational skills translate into enduring employment and sustainable enterprise growth.
The framework offers an analytical tool that vocational training providers, development agencies, and policymakers can adopt to design, monitor, and assess entrepreneurship initiatives. Because the work presents a conceptual monitoring model rather than an empirical study or software product, it represents early-stage methodology requiring operational testing and field validation before widespread institutional rollout.
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Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is increasingly recognized as a mechanism for promoting entrepreneurship and self-employment in the Global South; however, its contribution to sustainable entrepreneurial outcomes remains insufficiently evaluated. This chapter aims to develop a conceptual Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) framework to assess how TVET supports sustainable entrepreneurship beyond traditional measures of enrolment, certification, and start-up creation. Drawing on Human Capital Theory, the Capability Approach, Experiential Learning Theory, Institutional Theory, Resilience Theory, Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Theory, and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Theory, the chapter integrates results-based management and ecosystem perspectives across four domains: skills development, enterprise sustainability, institutional support, and socio-economic impact. The proposed framework provides a multidimensional, longitudinal approach to strengthening TVET evaluation, with implications for policy, practice, and future empirical research.
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DOI: 10.4018/979-8-2600-4045-4.ch001
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