Stagnation-point of Maxwell nanofluid transfer via irregular thick surface with melting heat under nonlinear thermo-solutal stratified conditions

Abstract

Scientists are becoming more vocal about the importance of effective and dependable energy storage systems. These systems play a crucial role in managing our energy needs and ensuring a sustainable future. Enhancing their efficiency will be key to addressing current energy challenges. In most industrial and engineering practices like heat exchangers, geothermal systems, and semiconductor fabrication latent heat storage and phase-change mechanisms are indispensable as melting heat is the key to thermal management, energy optimization, and thus the current study explores the behavior of a two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid under radiative heat transfer over a variable-thickness deformable surface, subjected to the physical effects of a magnetic field and stagnation-point flow. Besides, the investigation would incorporate melting heat effects under nonlinear stratification to reflect enhanced and realistic heat transfer behaviors. For better thermal and reactive performances, this study will be investigating the mechanics of heat generation-absorption in parallel with the effects of chemical reactions. Additionally, an intensive study of thermophoretic diffusion and Brownian dynamics will be conducted. The governing equations for velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration were reduced to dimensionless nonlinear ODEs under boundary layer assumptions by applying appropriate transformations. The NDSolve method solves the equations numerically. The analysis presents the effects of the main parameters affecting flow, temperature, and concentration on the drag on the surface and the rates of heat and mass transfer. The results reveal that the applied magnetic field diminishes fluid velocity, while the velocity ratio and the melting parameters enhance it. Thermal stratification and melting effects lower the fluid temperature, while thermophoresis and Brownian motion raise it. Likewise, increase in Lewis number and chemical reaction parameters diminishes nanoparticle concentration. The results exhibit extremely good agreement with existing literature.