article · Animals
Nile tilapia exposed to ambient chlorpyrifos toxicity experience substantial oxidative damage and impaired organ function. Adding Spirulina platensis to the diet at concentrations of 0.5 percent and 1 percent counters these toxic effects. In experimental trials, exposure to chlorpyrifos elevated markers of liver and kidney stress, including serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde. It also lowered total protein, albumin, and key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Dietary supplementation with Spirulina platensis mitigated these disruptions, reducing stress indicators and elevating protective protein levels along with antioxidant enzyme activities. These results demonstrate that dietary inclusion of Spirulina platensis protects farmed Nile tilapia from pesticide toxicity by boosting their physiological antioxidant defence mechanisms.
Pesticide runoff into aquatic environments threatens fish health and commercial aquaculture productivity. Understanding how functional feed ingredients protect farmed species helps safeguard aquatic livestock welfare under chemical stress. Demonstrating that microalgae like Spirulina platensis boost natural antioxidant defences provides a practical nutritional approach to counter pesticide contamination in farmed Nile tilapia.
This research points to potential applications in aquaculture feed formulation, specifically for aquafeed manufacturers seeking to develop protective functional diets for fish reared in pesticide-impacted waters. Based on controlled biological testing in Nile tilapia, the work represents applied, laboratory-tested research. Further industrial formulation trials and cost-benefit assessments would be required before commercial adoption as a standard feed additive.
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Due to the numerous pharmacological impacts of <i>Spirulina platensis</i> (SP), the effects of SP on the oxidative status of Nile tilapia farmed under chlorpyrifos (CPF) ambient toxicity were considered in this study. Fish (60 ± 6.1 g) was randomly stocked in five groups where the SP free diet was fed to the control group while the second one was fed 1% SP without CPF exposure. Additionally, CPF (15 μg/L) was added in water and fish were fed with SP at 0, 0.5, and 1% (third, fourth, and fifth groups, respectively). Samples of blood and gills, kidneys, and liver tissues were assayed for biochemical measurements. Fish exposed to CPF exhibited significant (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) increments of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cholesterol, urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA), while significantly decreased total protein, albumin, and antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were observed in tilapia exposed to CPF (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05). In contrast, SP feeding resulted in decreased levels of ALT, AST, ALP, cholesterol, urea, and creatinine as well as increased total protein, albumin, SOD, and CAT activities. Based on the obtained results, it can be suggested that SP is efficient in protecting Nile tilapia from CPF toxicity by increasing the antioxidative response.
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DOI: 10.3390/ani10030473
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