Spinal assessment in primary dysmenorrhea : A review

Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea, characterized by painful menstruation without underlying pelvic pathology, affects a significant proportion of women globally. While the etiology is not fully understood, recent research has suggested a potential link between spinal dysfunction and menstrual pain. Purpose: This review aims to synthesize current evidence on spinal assessment methods and their relevance in primary dysmenorrhea. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus, to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2023. The review focuses on various spinal assessment techniques, including: Formetric tool (rasterstereography), Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound imaging, Spinal mouse. Results: Women with primary dysmenorrhea often exhibit spinal misalignment. However, the causal relationship between these spinal alterations and menstrual pain remains unclear.Conclusion: This review highlights the potential value of incorporating spinal assessment in the evaluation and management of primary dysmenorrhea. Further research is needed to establish standardized assessment protocols and to determine the efficacy of spinal-based interventions in alleviating menstrual pain.