article · Luminescence
A synchronous fluorescence method allows simultaneous determination of the anticancer combination therapy of bicalutamide and resveratrol in human plasma. The technique records synchronous fluorescence spectra at 269 nm for bicalutamide and 320 nm for resveratrol, maintaining a constant wavelength difference of 60 nm and using ethanol as an environmentally friendly diluent. The fully validated procedure demonstrates high linearity with detection limits of 0.044 ng/ml and 2.001 ng/ml, enabling reliable measurement in biological fluids. Comprehensive environmental assessments, including the green solvents selecting tool, green analytical process index, AGREE metric, and spider diagrams, verified that the protocol fulfils key green analytical standards. The straightforward sample measurement substantially accelerates testing, lowering operational costs, improving analytical precision, and reducing environmental impact compared to conventional methods.
Routine monitoring of anticancer drug combinations in clinical or research settings often requires hazardous chemicals and lengthy procedures. By demonstrating an accurate, low-cost method that substitutes toxic solvents with ethanol, this approach supports safer laboratory practices. It provides an efficient way to track bicalutamide and resveratrol levels in human plasma while reducing the environmental footprint of routine pharmaceutical analysis.
The method offers an applied analytical technique for clinical testing laboratories and contract research organisations monitoring anticancer drug regimens in human plasma. Because the protocol has been fully validated in biological samples using standard instrumentation and green solvents, it appears close to practical laboratory adoption. It can be implemented directly by analytical facilities seeking faster, cheaper, and more sustainable alternatives to standard chromatographic drug assays.
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A simple, selective, and eco-friendly synchronous fluorescence approach was introduced for the first time for the concurrent estimation of the anticancer combination therapy of bicalutamide and resveratrol. The method relies on measuring the synchronous fluorescence spectra of bicalutamide and resveratrol at 269 and 320 nm, respectively, using Δλ of 60 nm with ethanol as a green diluting solvent. The procedure was optimized, and the method was then fully validated. Excellent linearity (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.999) with very low detection limits (0.044 and 2.001 ng/ml) were obtained for both drugs, allowing for their analysis in human plasma. The green profile of the suggested approach was evaluated using the green solvents selecting tool (GSST), spider diagram for greenness index assessment, green analytical process index (GAPI), and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) metric tools. These assessment metrics confirmed that the developed approach met the maximum number of green requirements, recommending its application as a green substitute for the regular analysis of the concerned drugs in human plasma. The simplicity of sample measurement enables and substantially accelerates the analysis, resulting in lower costs, enhanced procedure accuracy, and lower environmental effect.
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DOI: 10.1002/bio.4586
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