Specific Absorption Rate Lessening Through A Combined EBG-Cells

Abstract

This work investigates the specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction of the energy generated by handsets, either on the holding hand (when using WiFi, WiMax or WLAN), or on the human head when making voice calls over 4G or 5G mobile networks. In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of reducing SAR at 3.2 and 3.5 GHz throughout a combined electromagnetic band gap (EBG) cells instead of the diverse used methods in most recent years. Recently, with the beginning of the 5G era, the debate arose again about the possible health effects of electromagnetic (EM) radiation exposure on humans. Hence, as a consequence of this, it is evident that providing new SAR reduction approach is very demanding, especially when it involves characteristics improvement, miniaturization, and low-cost materials like EBG structures, which can allow its broad use for low SAR mobile phones or base stations antennas requiring high power radiation in rural areas. The obtained SAR levels are mostly very satisfying, which make these EBG structures a competitive solution to allow the commercialization of some high-performance antennas which are not below the SAR restriction limits specified by international standards.