review · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy combines low-intensity ultrasound with chemical agents known as sonosensitisers to achieve microbial inactivation. This approach offers notable benefits, including strong penetration capabilities, high target specificity, and the capacity to overcome resistance factors stemming from the local microenvironment. Current knowledge in this field examines how sonodynamic processes interact with different microorganisms and evaluates the various operational factors that influence antimicrobial efficacy. A thorough examination of the underlying mechanisms and recent experimental findings helps clarify how acoustic activation disrupts microbial populations. Improved comprehension of these acoustic and chemical dynamics assists both academic researchers and industrial practitioners in formulating alternative methods to manage and reduce harmful microbial burdens across diverse operational settings.
Rising microbial resistance presents severe challenges for conventional therapies, driving the need for alternative antimicrobial methods. Sonodynamic therapy offers a distinct advantage because ultrasound penetrates deeply into biological tissues and materials where light cannot reach. By overcoming obstacles presented by protective local microenvironments, this approach provides a promising framework for addressing persistent microbial burdens in medical and industrial environments.
The technology offers potential applications for industry personnel and clinicians seeking non-conventional tools to control microbial burden, particularly in settings where deep penetration is essential. As the underlying findings are synthesised from a mechanistic review of ultrasound and sonosensitiser interactions, the approach remains at an early to applied research stage rather than near market deployment.
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Sonodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (SACT), which relies on a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and chemotherapeutic agents termed sonosensitizers, has been explored as a promising alternative for microbial inactivation. Such treatment has superior penetration ability, high target specificity, and can overcome resistance conferred by the local microenvironment. Taken of these advantages, SACT has been endowed with an extensive application prospect in the past decade and attracted more and more attention. This review focusses on the current understanding of the mechanism of SACT, the interaction of sonodynamic action on different microbes, the factors affecting the efficacy of SACT, discusses the findings of recent works on SACT, and explores further prospects for SACT. Thus, a better understanding of sonodynamic killing facilitates the scientific community and industry personnel to establish a novel strategy to combat microbial burden.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105591
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