Solid-Phase Removal of Vitamin B ₁ (Thiamine Hydrochloride) from Aqueous Media Using Sugarcane ( <i>Saccharum officinarum</i> ) Bagasse as an Eco-friendly Biosorbent

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) (Saccharum officinarum) was employed as an efficient, economical, and eco-friendly solution for the biosorptive separation of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) from aqueous media. SEM microscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and TGA/DTA techniques were used to examine the morphological and structural properties of the SCB biosorbent. Thiamine hydrochloride (THC) was eliminated by employing the batch technique while investigating the impact of several variables, including pH, contact time, the initial THC concentration, and the quantity of SCB biosorbent. The highest attained removal percentage of THC was 99.8% under the optimal conditions: 9.20 pH, 20 min contact time, 100 ppm THC concentration, 0.20 g of SCB quantity, and 50 °C temperature. The findings of adsorption isothermal and kinetic studies revealed that the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.955) and the pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.990) adequately represented the THC elimination by the SCB biosorbent. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies revealed a negative value of ΔG0, confirming the adsorption’s spontaneous character and a positive value of ΔH0, indicating its endothermic nature. The positive value of entropy (ΔS0) indicates an irreversible process and an increase in randomness, supporting the advantageous adsorption of THC by SCB.