Soil Chemical Constraints to Maize Productivity in High-rainfall Areas of Kericho County, Kenya

Abstract

Maize production in Maso Village, Kericho County has declined despite favorable climatic conditions, raising concerns that warrants investigation. This study set out to determine the chemical properties of soils in Maso village in Kericho county where declining maize yields have been observed. Composite soil samples (0–60 cm depth) were collected from 3 maize farms with yield variations. Samples were analyzed for pH, macronutrients (N, P, K), micronutrients (Zn, Mg, Fe, Ca, Mn). The results revealed low phosphorus (P (≤10 ppm) and acidic soils with pH (<5.5). Nitrogen deficiency ranging from 8.2 to 14.5 ppm compared to the required 20-40 ppm. Micronutrient in majority of the farms were below the acceptable imits. Statistical analysis revealed that the concentration of micronutrients did not differ significantly where P> 0.05. Soil fertility degradation driven by nutrient depletion, acidity is a primary constraint to maize productivity in the study area. Targeted interventions (e.g., lime application, P-fertilization and manure incorporation) are recommended to restore soil health and improve yields. This study provides evidence-based recommendations for smallholder farmers and policymakers to address soil-specific yield limitations, enhancing food security in maize-dependent communities.