Soft tissue response to titanium healing abutments treated by Er: <scp>YAG</scp> laser or plasma spray: A randomized controlled feasibility clinical study with <scp>SEM</scp> and histological analysis

Abstract

Within the limitations of this feasibility study, the present data concluded that plasma spray and Erbium: YAG laser can be used for abutment surface treatment to achieve better peri-implant soft tissue healing. Clinically and histologically, plasma spray showed a better effect on the peri-implant soft tissues by reducing the inflammatory reaction, promoting collagen fiber formation, higher fibroblast-like cell attachment, and upregulating E-cadherin expression than Erbium: YAG laser and control groups.