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In this study, a new cascaded PI-PI-Fractional order PID controller is introduced to enhance frequency stability in microgrid systems by optimizing it using the Redtailed Hawk (RTH) algorithm. The microgrid is vulnerable to renewable energy swings and variable load disruptions because it incorporates a wide variety of energy sources, such as wind turbines, photovoltaics, diesel generators, and energy storage devices. In order to reduce the tie-line power deviation and frequency deviations in two areas, the RTH algorithm adjusts the controller gains. The RTH-optimized PI-PI-FOPID controller achieves a 95% reduction in overshoot and a $99.5 \%$ improvement in undershoot for frequency regulation, according to simulation findings in MATLAB/Simulink. It outperforms conventional PI-FOPID and FOPI-FOPD controllers. The controller also exhibits superior resilience at different disturbances ensuring robust performance in realworld scenarios.
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DOI: 10.1109/mepcon66918.2026.11360251
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