article · Annals of Animal Science
Common carp were fed diets supplemented with Artemisia annua leaf extract at levels of zero, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 grams per kilogram over an eight-week trial to evaluate its effects on growth, antioxidant capacity, and immunity. Diets containing 1 gram per kilogram of the extract significantly improved overall growth metrics, whilst fish fed 1 and 1.5 grams per kilogram showed improved feed conversion ratios compared to control groups. In terms of immune response, fish receiving 0.5 grams per kilogram showed the highest skin mucus total protein, respiratory burst activity, and serum immune indicators. Across the extract-fed groups, lysozyme, immunoglobulin, and protease activities rose alongside higher dosage levels. Catalase levels increased and malondialdehyde levels fell, with glutathione peroxidase elevating at 0.5 grams per kilogram, demonstrating enhanced antioxidant capacity.
Aquaculture operations continually seek natural feed additives that enhance fish health and growth without relying on synthetic chemicals. Demonstrating that Artemisia annua leaf extract strengthens immunity, antioxidant defences, and feed efficiency in common carp highlights an accessible plant-derived option for improving farmed fish welfare, survival, and overall pond productivity.
The findings point towards the use of Artemisia annua leaf extract as a natural feed additive and immunostimulant for commercial carp aquaculture. Aquafeed manufacturers and fish farming enterprises could utilise these formulations to improve growth rates and fish immunity. This research sits at an applied testing stage following an eight-week feeding trial, requiring further commercial scaling and economic feasibility work before practical market adoption.
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Abstract In this study, the effect of artemisia ( Artemisia annua ) leaves extract (ALE) on the immune system, growth performance and antioxidant capacity of common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) was investigated. Fish with initial weight (90.32 ± 1.12 g) were fed various levels of ALE (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that the growth performance (FW, WG, SGR, PER, and LER) in fish fed 1 g/kg ALE was increased significantly ( P <0.05) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved in fish fed 1 and 1.5 g/kg ALE in comparison to the control group ( P <0.05). Skin mucus total protein was higher in fish fed diet containing 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other experimental groups ( P <0.05), while the lysozyme, immunoglobulin and protease was increased by increasing of ALE in diets. Respiratory burst activity and serum immune parameters were higher in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE than the other treatments ( P <0.05). Increasing of catalase (CAT) and decreasing of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in fish fed ALE, while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased only in fish fed 0.5 g/kg ALE. Hence, it can be concluded that ALE has considerable potential as a natural immunostimulant and growth promotor supplement for the common carp’s aquaculture.
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DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0011
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