Simulating Electric Vehicle Powertrain Efficiency with Driving Cycle Data and Electric Motor Efficiency Maps

Abstract

Designing electric powertrains with the use of high-fidelity tracking (GPS) data, mainly for retrofit applications, involves capturing the driving cycle of an internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle to simulate a theoretical electric drivetrain. From this, the expected efficiency of the electric powertrain can be calculated, which aids in component selection and optimisation for electric vehicles (EVs). Key steps in the method include: (1) Data manipulation: High-fidelity GPS tracking data is converted into the required torque and speed for the proposed electric drivetrain to replicate driver behaviour. (2) Electric motor efficiency map integration: The simulation process incorporates an electric motor efficiency map, which ensures a precise assessment of powertrain efficiency based on the specific characteristics and performance of the electric motor used.(3) Powertrain efficiency calculation: The overall powertrain efficiency of the proposed electric drivetrain is calculated and simulated based on the driving cycle data. The derived powertrain efficiency has broader applications beyond retrofit scenarios. It can be replicated and applied to design and develop new EVs, providing insights into efficiency values and performance characteristics. It further supports strategic planning for electric infrastructure to encourage the widespread adoption of EVs, thereby contributing to sustainable transportation solutions.