article · Scientific Reports
This study investigates the shear behavior of high-strength concrete (HSC) beams with large circular web openings subjected to elevated temperatures. Internal (steel fibers at 0.5% and 1.0% by volume) and external (ferrocement jackets) retrofitting techniques were evaluated. Nine beams were experimentally tested, including solid control specimens, un-strengthened beams, and retrofitted beams. Exposure to 500 °C resulted in a shear capacity reduction of up to 68% for beams with 150 mm openings. After thermal exposure, steel fibers enhanced the residual shear strength by up to 16.4%, while ferrocement jackets achieved recovery levels of up to 14.5%. A parametric finite element study was conducted considering opening diameters ranging from 100 to 200 mm and temperature levels between 400 and 600 °C, demonstrating strong agreement with experimental results (average deviation ≤ 3%). The findings provide validated insights into the combined effects of geometric discontinuities and thermal degradation and support the development of effective retrofitting strategies for HSC beams under fire conditions.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-43162-y
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