SHARIA IN YORÙBÁLAND: NAVIGATING RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND ETHNIC TENSIONS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA

Abstract

The reintroduction of Sharia courts in Yorùbáland has rekindled debates on religious pluralism, ethnic relations, and constitutionalism in Nigeria’s multi-ethnic democracy. This study examines the historical, legal, socio-political, and cultural dimensions of the Sharia controversy in the Southwest, assessing its implications for inter-group harmony, governance, and national unity. Anchored on Antonio Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, the research employs a qualitative design, drawing on interviews with 19 participants across the six Yorùbá states, supported by archival records, media reports, and observations. Findings reveal that while proponents frame Sharia courts as a constitutional right for Muslim communities, opponents perceive them as instruments of cultural domination, religious extremism, and political manipulation. The study underscores tensions between Nigeria’s secular constitution and its plural legal system, highlighting fears of Islamisation, cultural incompatibility, and socio-economic disruption. It recommends constitutional clarity, interfaith dialogue, and inclusive federalism to balance religious rights with national cohesion.