Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Viral Infections in Ondo State, Nigeria

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for over 354 million cases with high morbidity and fatalities. About 90% of infected people are unaware of their status. Efforts at significant reduction and elimination have come a long way; yet, more concerted efforts are still needed. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B viral infections in Ondo State Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted this study from May to December 2024 across the 3 senatorial districts in Ondo State, using a stratified random sampling technique. Subjects ranging from 20 years and above were randomly selected. After a brief health education at each location, 5 ml of fresh blood was aseptically collected from each subject who accepted screening. Double screening for hepatitis B surface antigen was done for each subject using rapid diagnostic kits. Each positive sample and 1 in every 10 negative subjects were also tested using hepatitis B enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay antigen detection. RESULTS: Amongst the 1979 subjects recruited, 139 were positive for HBV, giving a prevalence rate of 7.02%, with a male-to-female prevalence ratio of 2:1. Male gender, monogamous marriage and singles had higher risks of HBV infection. Alignment with health education as personal prevention efforts significantly reduced HBV among the subjects. Inversely, lifestyles such as habitual alcohol intake and smoking were significant predictors of hepatitis B infection. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the epidemiology of HBV in Ondo State, Nigeria. Highlighting the need for more coordinated efforts towards the prevention and control of the spread of HBV as we move towards the elimination of viral Hepatitis.