“Seroprevalence and Associated Factors of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Among Haemodialysis Patients in Morocco

Abstract

CONTEXT: Haemodialysis patients are especially vulnerable to blood-borne viral infections because of repeated exposure to invasive procedures and the dialysis care environment. AIMS: This study aimed to determine the HBV-positive status of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among haemodialysis patients and to identify factors associated with HBV seropositivity. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among haemodialysis patients in Morocco. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A total of 305 haemodialysis patients were included. Sociodemographic, clinical, and serological data were collected using a structured form. Serological status for HBV, HCV, and HIV was assessed by ELISA and confirmed using specific confirmatory assays. Statistical analysis used: Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with HBV seropositivity. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The overall seroprevalence was 2.62% for HBV, 0.33% for HCV, and 0.66% for HIV. Multivariable analysis showed that use of an arteriovenous fistula and complete HBV vaccination (3-4 doses) were significantly associated with lower odds of HBV infection (OR = 0.012, 95% CI: 0.010-0.286, p = 0.007; OR = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.000-0.511, p = 0.023, respectively). In contrast, longer haemodialysis duration was significantly associated with increased HBV seropositivity (OR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.012-1.061, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the low prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV, prevention, surveillance, and strengthened vaccination strategies remain necessary in haemodialysis settings.