article · Scientific Reports
Lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products yield exopolysaccharides that can serve as natural capping and stabilising agents for nanoparticle synthesis. Culturing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain A2 under conditions optimised via the Taguchi method yields up to 27.12 grams per litre of exopolysaccharide. When used to synthesise selenium nanoparticles, the resulting 45 to 65 nanometre structures display strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. The coated nanoparticles achieve complete growth eradication of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Klebsiella pneumoniae within six to ten hours. Furthermore, laboratory tests against the A549 lung cancer cell line indicate strong anticancer activity, arresting the cell cycle at the S phase, inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, and activating Bax. These findings demonstrate an effective bio-based method for creating multi-functional selenium nanoparticles with potent biomedical activities.
Infectious pathogens and cancer remain major global healthcare challenges that demand alternative therapeutic options. Synthesising selenium nanoparticles using bacterial polysaccharides derived from dairy cultures offers a green, biologically derived route to produce bioactive nanomaterials. Demonstrating strong dual activity against microbial pathogens and lung cancer cells highlights the therapeutic potential of microbial metabolites in biotechnology and medicine.
This work points towards applications in antimicrobial formulations and cancer therapeutics, potentially relevant to pharmaceutical developers and biotechnology firms. By achieving high yield via Taguchi optimisation, the production process supports scalable bacterial culturing. However, the technology is at an early experimental stage, having only been demonstrated in laboratory cultures and in vitro lung cancer cell assays without in vivo or clinical testing.
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Abstract Bacterial exopolysaccharides are homopolymeric or heteropolymeric polysaccharides with large molecular weights (10–1000 kDa). Exopolysaccharides' functional uses and potential have revolutionized the industrial and medicinal industries. Hence, the aim of the present study was to optimize the production of bacterial exopolysaccharide and apply it as a capping agent for selenium nanoparticles synthesis. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from dairy products then biochemically characterized and assessed for their potential antimicrobial effect. The most potent EPS producer was identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain A2 with accession number OP218384 using 16S rRNA sequencing. Overall, FTIR data of the extracted EPS revealed similarity with amylopectin spectrum. 1 H NMR spectrum revealed an α-anomeric configuration of the glycosidic linkage pattern in the polysaccharides while the 13 C NMR spectrum can also be separated into two main portions, the anomeric carbons region (δ 98–102 ppm) and the non-anomeric carbons region (δ 60–81 ppm). Antimicrobial activity of the produced EPS showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus , MRSA, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans respectively. The EPS capsule layer surrounding the bacterial cells was detected by TEM study. Optimization of EPS production was evaluated using Taguchi design, trial 23 reported the highest biomass yield and EPS output (6.5 and 27.12 g/L respectively) with 2.4 and 3.3 folds increase (from the basal media) respectively. The optimized exopolysaccharide was used as a capping and stabilizing agent for selenium nanoparticles (EPS-SeNPs) synthesis. Zeta potential, size and PDI of the synthesized nanoparticles were − 19.7 mV, 45–65 nm and 0.446 respectively with strong bactericidal and fungicidal effect against the tested pathogens. Complete microbial growth eradication was recorded after 6, 8 and 10 h against Staphylococcus aureus , Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. EPS-SeNPs showed a potent antioxidant effect reached 97.4% and anticancer effect against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC 50 reached 5.324 µg/mL). EPS-SeNPs inhibited cancerous cell growth at S phase. Moreover, molecular studies revealed the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl2's was inhibited and Bax was activated. The present investigation successfully synthesized selenium nanoparticles through bacterial EPS with significantly high antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48921-9
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