Security Challenges and Solutions in IoT

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects devices that collect, communicate, and act on data, but also introduces significant security challenges. This chapter explores the complex landscape of IoT security, focusing on issues like device heterogeneity, resource constraints, and evolving threats. It examines IoT security architecture and communication protocols, highlighting the need for scalable solutions across diverse environments. Major IoT attacks such as DDoS, MitM, and data breaches are classified and analyzed for their impact on IoT ecosystems. The chapter reviews IoT-specific Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), with an emphasis on machine learning-based real-time anomaly detection, addressing challenges like high false-positive rates, scalability, and resource limitations. Emerging trends, including blockchain-based solutions, Federated Learning, and AI-driven defenses, are also discussed. This overview synthesizes current research to offer insights for enhancing security frameworks across IoT domains such as smart homes, healthcare, industry, and urban infrastructure.