article · Agriculture
Bacterial wilt is a diverse disease caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. Managing this disease relies on identifying novel resistance sources to combine complementary resistance genes into durable cultivars. A screening evaluated seven accessions of cultivated eggplant and forty accessions across twelve wild relatives against two virulent bacterial strains, Pss97 and Pss2016. Accessions showing resistance or moderate resistance were subjected to a second trial under high temperatures. The standard resistant control cultivar, EG203, showed resistance to Pss97 but only moderate resistance to Pss2016. Across both trials, one accession of Solanum sisymbriifolium and two accessions of Solanum torvum maintained resistance or moderate resistance to Pss97. Initial resistance to Pss2016 appeared in specific accessions of Solanum anguivi, Solanum incanum, and Solanum sisymbriifolium, though the Solanum anguivi accession became susceptible under high temperatures. These identified accessions provide material for developing resistant eggplant cultivars and rootstocks.
Bacterial wilt causes significant damage to crops, and the pathogen displays substantial diversity. Finding wild crop relatives that maintain resistance under high temperatures enables plant breeders to develop more robust, durable eggplant varieties. This strengthens crop protection strategies against endemic bacterial diseases without relying solely on chemical treatments.
This research is early-stage applied work that identifies specific plant genetic resources for crop improvement. Plant breeders and seed companies could use the resistant Solanum sisymbriifolium and Solanum torvum accessions as parent lines or rootstocks to breed wilt-resistant eggplant varieties. Further breeding cycles and field validations would be required before commercial rootstocks or cultivars reach the market.
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Bacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum, is highly diverse and the identification of new sources of resistance for the incorporation of multiple and complementary resistance genes in the same cultivar is the best strategy for durable and stable resistance. The objective of this study was to screen seven accessions of cultivated eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and 40 accessions from 12 wild relatives for resistance to two virulent R. solanacearum strains (Pss97 and Pss2016; phylotype I, race 1, biovar 3). The resistant or moderately resistant accessions were further evaluated with Pss97 in a second trial under high temperatures (and also with Pss2016 for S. anguivi accession VI050346). The resistant control EG203 was resistant to Pss97, but only moderately resistant to Pss2016. One accession of S. sisymbriifolium (SIS1) and two accessions of S. torvum (TOR2 and TOR3) were resistant or moderately resistant to Pss97 in both trials. Solanum anguivi VI050346, S. incanum accession MM577, and S. sisymbriifolium (SIS1 and SIS2) were resistant to Pss2016 in the first trial. However, S. anguivi VI050346 was susceptible in the second trial. These results are important for breeding resistant rootstocks and cultivars that can be used to manage this endemic disease.
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DOI: 10.3390/agriculture9070157
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