Rural and urban disparities in malnutrition and quality of life among older persons in Lagos Nigeria: A comparative analytical cross-sectional study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Malnutrition has been identified as an adverse condition that affects the health of older persons. Despite being recognized as one of the leading causes of disease in older persons, very little attention has been given to malnutrition among older persons. Different studies carried out on nutritional status and quality-of-life among older persons in rural and urban areas have shown disparities in their results. The aim of this study was to compare the nutritional status and quality-of-life of the elderly living in rural and urban areas of Lagos State. Method This was an analytical cross-sectional study involving 331 participants for nutritional assessment using a Mini-nutritional assessment short form while quality-of-life was assessed using the WHOQOL-AGE. Data was analysed using STATA 13.0 software. Association between variables was determined and multiple logistic regression model was used to determine the predictor of malnutrition and quality-of-life. Results 67.7% of the participants in rural area were at risk of malnutrition while 49.4% were at risk of malnutrition in urban area. The predictors of malnutrition in rural area were age (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.0 – 1.2, P < 0.01), and quality-of-life (OR: 0.2, 95%CI: 0.07 – 0.58, P < 0.003) while age (OR: 1.1, 95%CI: 1.01 – 1.16, P < 0.01), quality-of-life (OR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.1 – 0.9, P < 0.03), sex (OR: 3.3, 95%CI: 1.04 – 10.5, P < 0.01), education level (OR: 2.05, 95%CI: 1.02 – 4.16, P < 0.04), and income (OR:0.21, 95%CI: 0.04 – 0.93, P < 0.04) were predictors of malnutrition in urban area while nutritional, sex and marital status were predictors of quality-of-life. Conclusion and Recommendation Significant proportion of older persons in both rural and urban area were at risk of malnutrition while sex, quality-of-life, education level, and income were predictors of malnutrition and awareness campaign on prevention strategies for malnutrition on the elderly is vital.