Role of water governance systems and institutions in smallholder farming systems in the Western Cape, South Africa

Abstract

In light of the growing impacts of climate-related shocks on water availability, such as drought, it is increasingly important to manage water resources efficiently, particularly for smallholder farming systems. The 2015-2018 drought in South Africa highlighted the necessity for effective water management in agriculture. This study assessed the role of water governance systems and institutions in smallholder farming systems in the Western Cape in response to climate-related challenges. Data were gathered from individual interviews with key informants working in water institutions. Additionally, focus group discussions and one-on-one interviews were conducted with smallholder farmers in historical towns within the Overberg and West Coast Districts. The study evaluates the applicability of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Multi-level Governance Framework in diagnosing the challenges of water governance in the smallholder farming sector at the local level. Results indicated inadequate funding, a lack of water management training for smallholder farmers, and insufficient human resource capacity within institutions. Uniquely, the study's findings also highlight the strong link between water governance and land tenure in ensuring water security for smallholder farmers. There is a disconnect between the objectives of water policy and its implementation at the local level. The results will help policymakers understand the challenges faced by water institutions and smallholder farmers. This is expected to assist water institutions in strengthening their roles and responsibilities in water management and to enhance water security for smallholder farmers.