Role of Carrot Leaf (Daucus Carota) Ethanol Leaf Extract Against Cadmium Induced Toxicity in Pituitary Gland of Adult Wistar Rats

Abstract

Background: Cadmium remains the most toxic pollutants which interferes with the endocrine function of the pituitary gland, thereby affecting gonadotropin synthesis, which is critical for maintaining male reproductive systems. Objectives: This study investigates the role of Daucus carota ethanol leaf extract against cadmium induced toxicity in pituitary gland of adult Wistar rats Materials and Methods: Forty (40) adult male Wistar rats weighing 145-178kg were randomly placed into five groups(n= 8). Cadmium chloride(CdCl2), Daucus carota ethanol leaf extract. Group I received normal rat feed and water ad libitum for 28 days and were kept as control. Group II were administered with single dose of 8mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride only (CdCl2 ). Group III rats received 8mg/kg CdCl2 at a dose of 100mg/kg of the extract. Group IV received 8mg/kg body weight of CdCl2 and 200mg/kg of the extract. Group V received 400mg/kg of the extract twice daily for 28 days. All treatment were administered through oral gavage. Blood sample was collected using retrorbital venous plexus puncture before sacrifice by cervical dislocation. The pituitary glands were harvested and then fixed in 10% formalin for histology analysis Results: Biochemical analyses indicated that cadmium exposure significantly increased oxidative stress and decreased gonadotropin levels, while Daucus carota ethanol leaf extract improved antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced lipid peroxidation. Results revealed that cadmium exposure when compared to control groups A is significant(p < 0.05). Conclusion: Cadmium exposure significantly lowers antioxidant defense capacity. Daucus carota ethanol leaf extract could be a treatment strategies for individuals at risk of cadmium exposure, counteracting oxidative stress and potentially improving reproductive health