Risk of Secondary Attacks among Ischaemic Heart Disease Patients in Ismailia

Abstract

Background: Individuals with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors such as age, smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of recurrence of cardiovascular events and death. The incidence rate of recurrent CVD events varies between countries and populations. Aim: to estimate the incidence rates and determine the predictors of recurrent CVD events. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 57 patients with IHD. Results: Fourteen of the 57 patients had secondary attacks/episodes of recurrent IHDs. Only 9 of the patients died due to cardiovascular or other causes. The most frequently occurring risk factor was physical inactivity and the least were kidney disease and menopause. Stress has been inquired about throughout history (e.g., managerial work, expensive needs costs for the direct family, working in stressful environments (school, college). Conclusion: The study found high incidence rates of recurrent CVD events among patients with a history of CVD. Furthermore, older age, male sex, and smoking were risk factors for recurrent CVD events. Although local screening programs are designed towards early diagnosis and the provision of disease management interventions, more needs to be done to improve primary and tertiary preventative measures to improve CVD morbidity and mortality. The national direction towards national universal health insurance would be of great assistance to spreading the culture and use of cardiac rehabilitation programs, as they are cost-effective and efficient.