Risk Factors for Metabolic Syndrome Among Female Medical Students at Delta University: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises a constellation of interrelated cardiometabolic abnormalities, including central (abdominal) obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and impaired glucose homeostasis. It is widely recognized as a key predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The adoption of sedentary lifestyles, psychosocial stressors, and suboptimal dietary practices place young adults—particularly university students—at increased risk of developing MetS. Objective: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and identify its associated risk factors among female medical students at Delta University, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study will be conducted among female students enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine at Delta University. Data collection will include sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors (dietary patterns, smoking status, physical activity), anthropometric indices, blood pressure readings, and fasting biochemical parameters. The diagnosis of MetS will be established based on the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Statistical analysis will involve descriptive statistics to estimate prevalence, and logistic regression models to identify independent risk factors associated with MetS. Expected Results: The study aims to quantify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the study population and to delineate the modifiable and non-modifiable factors contributing to its occurrence. Conclusion: The findings are expected to provide evidence for early identification and targeted prevention strategies to mitigate cardiometabolic risk among female medical students, potentially improving long-term health outcomes within this vulnerable group.