Right cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension secondary to tonsil hypertrophy in a 3-year-old boy: a case report

Abstract

In children, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is 2 to 3%. Pulmonary hypertension-related OSAS in the context of tonsil hypertrophy is a well-documented phenomenon. However, cases combining pulmonary hypertension and right cardiac failure have rarely been reported. The management of such cases is based on adenotonsillectomy with an important subsequent impact on the right ventricle and left ventricle functions. Herein, we report a 3-year-old boy with right cardiac failure and pulmonary hypertension due to OSAS that was secondary to bilateral tonsil hypertrophy. The patient has well evolved with complete resolution of OSAS, and cardiac and respiratory alteration after adenotonsillectomy. Our reported case should be a reminder for otolaryngologists, pediatricians, and cardiologists to recognize this particular condition.