Revolutionizing Crop and Soil Monitoring Through IoT-Enabled Farming

Abstract

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies is transforming agriculture from traditional input-based practices to data-driven, real-time, and automated production systems. IoT platforms integrate advanced sensors, connectivity infrastructures, and edge–cloud computing to continuously monitor soil moisture, nutrient status, pH, temperature, and plant physiological parameters, enabling early detection of biotic and abiotic stresses. When combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning models, heterogeneous data streams are analyzed to optimize irrigation, fertigation, pest management, and overall farm productivity. Automated control systems translate analytical insights into timely agronomic interventions, reducing resource inputs, labor demands, and environmental impacts. Applications span large-scale farms, smallholder systems, and controlled environments, demonstrating improved yield, resource efficiency, and crop quality.