Rethinking wood resource access and utilization in small-scale industries: Evidence from Elsuki, Sinnar State, Sudan

Abstract

Across Sub-Saharan Africa, small-scale wood-based industries play a vital role in livelihoods and local economies, yet they face increasing pressure from rising timber demand, resource scarcity, and weak supply systems. This study is motivated by the need to understand the dynamics of wood availability, demand, and sourcing in small-scale wood-based industries in Elsuki, Sudan. This need arises from growing concerns over supply inconsistencies, heavy reliance on timber as the sole income source, and limited sectoral diversification. The study aims to identify preferred wood species and examine supply chain dynamics among furniture woodshops, sawmills, and consumers to better understand sector performance and the associated challenges. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, using surveys and key informants’ interviews to collect data on wood preferences, sourcing patterns, and production characteristics across key value chain actors. The field survey was conducted from October 2024 to July 2025. Results showed that the sector is male-dominated (100%), with most participants aged 31-40 years and largely dependent on timber as their sole income source. Sunt ( Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.)) was identified as the most preferred wood species by all respondent (100%), followed by Neem ( Azadirachta indica A.Juss.), Mango ( Mangifera indica L.), and Mahogany ( Khaya senegalensis (Desr.) A.Juss.)). Approximately 75% of woodshops respondents rely on government-run sawmills for timber supply, while 90% reported inconsistencies in the wood supply. Furniture products are primarily produced for local market, of which 100% of respondents stated that their products are beds, 75% chairs, and rest traditional items like angareib. Supply chains are fragile, and producers face challenges such as lack of market forecasting and limited flexibility. To strengthen the sector, the study recommends policy actions including vocational training in carpentry and business skills, improved access to decentralized timber supply systems. Enhanced promotion of sustainable harvesting and reforestation practice of key species, and provision of up-to-date market information to support small enterprises. Additionally, future research could focus on market forecasting, business development, and export readiness.