Relationship between Anogenital Distance and Testicular Position in Male Infants with Cryptorchidism with and without Hypospadias

Abstract

<title>Abstract</title> Purpose Anogenital distance (AGD) may indicate hypoverilization and subsequently serve as a predictor future reproduction. In both undescended testis with and without hypospadias, our goal was to study the relationship between testicular position and AGD. Methods From March 2021 to January 2023, the study was conducted on male infants with and without hypospadias and age-matched controls. Based on the infants' ages, we divided them into four. Group I: under six months, Group II: 7–12 months, Group III: between a year and eighteen months, and Group IV: 19 months up to two years of age. From the verge of the anus to the penile base, the AGD was measured. Clinical examination resulted in the classification of testicular location as high scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable. Results Patients with cryptorchidism had AGD means that were substantially lower than those of controls in Groups I, II, III, and IV, respectively (31 ± 2, 33 ± 3), (35.9 ± 4, 37.9 ± 5), (39.9 ± 1.2, 41 ± 1.5), and (40 ± 1.9, 44 ± 1.7). The group of patients with cryptorchidism and hypospadias differed significantly from the controls and those without hypospadias. AGD in patients with upper scrotal locations was substantially shorter. Penile length and AGD of the examined groups exhibited a positive and significant connection. Conclusions Shorter AGD is linked to a higher prevalence of hypospadias and cryptorchidism in male babies in comparison to normal children. The position of the undescended testis is higher in relation to a shorter AGD.