Relapse Trajectories and Psychosocial Characteristics of Adolescents in Rehabilitation Care in Jos, Nigeria

Abstract

Substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents constitute a growing public health concern in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa, with prevalence estimates ranging from 32.9% to 69.3% nationally and approximately 41.6% regionally. This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed 220 clinical case files of adolescents and young adults treated for substance use disorders at Quintessential Healthcare Centre, Jos, between 2010 and 2018. Data extracted included socio-demographic characteristics, substances of abuse, assessment instruments, psychosocial interventions, number of admissions, and relapse episodes. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS version 20.0. Findings showed marked male predominance (83.6%) and a mean age of 29.88 ± 8.84 years, indicating early initiation with persistence into adulthood. Alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis were the most frequently abused substances. The mean number of admissions was 1.50 ± 1.01, while the mean relapse rate was 0.71 ± 1.12. Relapse was associated with peer influence, unemployment, family dysfunction, and limited structured aftercare. Strengthened prevention, gender-sensitive services, and structured post-discharge follow-up are recommended.