Recent trajectories of biometeorology in the Global South: a systematic review of biometeorology research in the International Journal of Biometeorology

Abstract

Literature reviews have become increasingly prominent in scientific discourse; however, few have critically examined the geographic distribution of research, particularly in the field of biometeorology, where studies remain disproportionately concentrated in the Global North. Building on previous regional reviews and special issues, this paper critically examines geographic disparities in publication trends, authorship, and methodological approaches to aid in identifying challenges and opportunities for equitable and justified future research. Using a PRISMA-style framework, 591 empirical studies conducted across 147 Global South countries were identified from a total of 3,046 publications in the International Journal of Biometeorology (IJBM) between 2000 and 2024. The review reveals a steady increase in contributions from the Global South over time, but highlights persistent gaps in representation, especially in author affiliation and research leadership. Thematic and methodological analyses highlight the diversity and innovation present in Global South contexts, while also revealing structural barriers to equitable participation in the field. This work advocates for more inclusive research practices and enhanced institutional support to bridge the divide between the Global North and South, fostering a more representative and collaborative future for biometeorology.