article · Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
Carbon quantum dots are metal-free nanomaterials recognised for strong electron transfer abilities, up-conversion photoluminescence, and non-toxic characteristics. They can operate as standalone photocatalysts or serve as functional components within composite photocatalytic structures. Diverse preparation routes exist for producing these materials, including hydrothermal, solvothermal, microwave, and chemical oxidation techniques from various precursors. Current developments encompass pristine, doped, and composite carbon quantum dot systems designed for degrading organic water pollutants, generating hydrogen, and converting carbon dioxide into fuels. Material surface features and computational modelling also play critical roles in understanding their functional behaviour. Continued investigation focuses on overcoming operational challenges and establishing viable research directions for advanced energy and environmental remediation platforms.
Tackling water contamination and energy shortages requires effective, sustainable materials. Metal-free carbon quantum dots provide an alternative to conventional metal catalysts, offering non-toxic properties alongside strong light-activated performance. Developing these materials aids efforts to treat polluted water supplies, generate clean hydrogen fuel, and reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide by transforming it into valuable fuels.
Identified applications include industrial water treatment, hydrogen production, and carbon dioxide conversion into fuels, primarily relevant to clean energy developers and environmental remediation firms. As the abstract focuses on synthesis techniques, computational modelling, and foundational challenges, the technology sits at an early stage of laboratory research rather than immediate industrial readiness.
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Photocatalysis plays a vital role in addressing environmental remediation and energy generation. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) represent a superior category of photocatalysts devoid of metals, boasting remarkable electron transfer capabilities, up-conversion photoluminescence, and non-toxic properties. Notably, CQDs can function independently as photocatalysts or become part of composite photocatalytic materials. This article explores the precursor materials used in CQD production and the various methods for preparing photocatalysts enhanced with CQDs, such as hydrothermal, solvothermal, microwave, chemical oxidation, etc. Furthermore, we provide an extensive overview of recent advancements in pristine, doped, and CQD-based photocatalysts, encompassing applications like organic pollutant degradation in water, hydrogen production, and CO2 photoreduction for fuel generation. The effect of the CQDs surface and the computational modelling was also addressed. Finally, we addressed the challenges and potential research avenues for CQD-enhanced photocatalysts.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.mssp.2024.108661
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