review · Coordination Chemistry Reviews
Precision temperature quantification is crucial for scientific study and industrial production, yet conventional thermometers lack accuracy at sub-micrometric spatial scales. Luminescence thermometry provides an advanced non-contact alternative capable of measuring temperature with high accuracy. Significant developments span diverse material platforms, including organic compounds, quantum dots, metal nanoclusters, upconverting nanoparticles, dye-doped systems, and rare-earth or post-transition metal phosphors operating in the visible and near-infrared ranges. These optical thermometers are targeted primarily at biomedical imaging and intracellular temperature sensing. However, current nanoparticle synthesis routes often suffer from poor luminescence and very low photoluminescence quantum yields. Creating high-performing optical sensors requires further investigation into how synthesis techniques, particle size, and compositional parameters directly dictate thermometric sensitivity and operational performance.
Measuring temperature accurately within microscopic environments, such as inside living cells or micro-scale industrial systems, is impossible with standard contact probes. Luminescence thermometry enables non-invasive, light-based temperature tracking at extremely fine resolutions. Overcoming current synthetic drawbacks could significantly improve microscopic diagnostic imaging in medicine and ensure tighter process control across precision industrial manufacturing.
This technology is relevant to developers of biomedical imaging instruments, intracellular diagnostics, and high-precision industrial monitoring equipment. The materials are currently at an early research stage. Commercial viability requires overcoming critical manufacturing barriers, particularly the very low photoluminescence quantum yields and poor luminescence resulting from existing nanoparticle synthesis routes, alongside refining how material size influences measurement sensitivity.
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The quantification of the exact temperature with precision is fundamentally vital for scientific exploration and industrial production. As a result, the accuracy of regular thermometers is currently questionable for measuring the temperature at sub-micrometric spatial resolution. Hence, there is a high demand for advanced non-contact thermometer sensors, which aid in the alternative fabrication of luminescence thermometry to monitor the temperature with precision accuracy. Therefore, the current review article focuses on the recent advances in luminescence thermometry, also known as optical thermometry, and its applications in biomedical imaging and intracellular temperature sensing. The review will also provide a detailed discussion concerning spectroscopic approaches for temperature read-out, and different materials utilized in this field, including organic compounds, quantum dots, metal nanoclusters-based, upconverting nanoparticles, dye-doped nanoparticles, and luminescence thermometry based on rare-earths. Furthermore, covered is the synthesis of rare earth elements and post-transition metals-based near-infrared thermometric phosphors. Nonetheless, more research is required to completely comprehend the properties and realize the potential applications of these materials. To create high-performing thermometers with desired properties and thermometric parameters, it is crucial to have a deep understanding of the material parameters that affect the thermometric performance of the phosphor. This includes understanding the role of these parameters that relate to sensitivity. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity also depends on the synthesis and size of the material for thermometry applications. As a result, more efforts are needed to improve the current synthesis methods that offer the nanoparticles because they have poor luminescence and a very low photoluminescence quantum yield. Lastly, we discuss notable factors influencing the sensitivity of optical thermometers and their future directions. • There is a high demand for advanced non-contact thermometer sensors. • The review article focuses on the recent advances in luminescence thermometry. • Applications in biomedical imaging and intracellular temperature sensing are given. • Spectroscopic approaches for temperature read-out, and different materials are explored.
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DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2024.216196
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