review · Cellulose
Nanocellulose and graphene oxide composites combine two versatile materials to produce functional hybrids with a range of tailored properties. Combining graphene oxide with various forms of nanocellulose, such as bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanofibrils, and cellulose nanocrystals, offers straightforward routes for functionalisation. In environmental management, these composites act as reliable adsorbents to remove contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, oils, and pesticides from wastewater. They also function as sensors to monitor these pollutants and as catalysts for pollutant degradation. In the biomedical sector, these hybrid materials support drug delivery systems, antibacterial treatments, and biosensing platforms. Additionally, they are utilised in energy storage and conversion devices, notably supercapacitors. Ongoing developments in fabrication and characterisation continue to expand their potential while clarifying key challenges.
Pollution control, energy storage, and healthcare require adaptable materials that perform multiple functions reliably. Nanocellulose-graphene oxide composites offer customisable solutions that can improve clean water access through contaminant removal, support medical therapies via targeted drug delivery, and advance energy systems. Examining how these materials are synthesised and applied helps researchers and developers target the most viable uses.
These composites could enable commercial products in wastewater remediation, environmental monitoring, medical therapies, and energy storage. Potential users include municipal or industrial water treatment operators, diagnostics developers, and electronics manufacturers seeking supercapacitor materials. Because the source provides a review of fabrication, characterisation, and current challenges across several sectors, the technology largely sits at an early research stage rather than near commercial readiness.
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Abstract Nanocellulose (NC)/graphene oxide (GO) composites are attractive materials with a range of unique features obtained from the integration of NC and GO. These materials have high potential use in various sectors such as biomedicine, wastewater remediation, sensor/biosensor technology, and energy storage/conversion. The simple functionalization and modification of NC or GO afford an opportunity for tailoring these materials for anticipated applications. In wastewater treatment applications, they can be employed as reliable adsorbents for the removal of different pollutants, such as metals, dyes, oils, and pesticides as well as sensors for the detection and monitoring of these pollutants. Besides that, NC/GO composites can be applied as catalysts for catalytic degradation for a wide variety of pollutants. These materials have been also reported to be applicable in biomedical applications such as drug delivery, antibacterial and biosensing. Energy storage applications such as supercapacitors NC/GO-based materials were also utilized. This review summarizes NC/GO hybrid fabrication, characterization, and their application in different fields, i.e. sensing, energy storage, and wastewater remediation. It also covered a broad overview of the status of integrating GO with nanocellulose materials, i.e. bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanofibrils, and cellulose nanocrystals. We concluded with the challenges and outlook for NC/GO-based composites.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10570-024-06055-9
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