article · Horticulturae
Escalating climate change events are increasing the occurrence of abiotic stresses on agricultural land, including drought, salinity, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, and heavy metal accumulation. These stresses alter plant morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes, causing reduced germination, photosynthesis, and overall crop yields. To counter these challenges, multiple mitigation strategies are being deployed. Breeding programmes combine conventional methods, modern breeding, and speed breeding to accelerate the creation of tolerant crop cultivars. Agronomic practices also provide practical relief, including adjusted planting times, water and nutrient management, seed priming, and the use of osmoprotectants, plant growth regulators, and microbial seed treatments like arbuscular mycorrhiza. Furthermore, environmentally benign inputs such as biochar, kaolin, chitosan, superabsorbents, yeast extract, and seaweed extract show promise in reducing stress impacts, although the exact mechanisms governing their performance require deeper research and collaborative scientific investigation to be fully understood.
Rising global temperatures and shifting weather patterns present severe risks to agricultural output and global food security. Identifying and deploying effective mitigation measures, from advanced plant breeding to soil and seed treatments, allows farming systems to safeguard crop yields against environmental disruption. These combined approaches are vital for maintaining stable food production as climate-driven stresses intensify across farming regions worldwide.
The abstract highlights inputs and techniques suitable for agricultural input suppliers, seed producers, and growers, including seed priming methods, microbial treatments, biochar, chitosan, and seaweed extracts. Because several options are existing agronomic practices or emerging inputs whose exact mechanisms remain under investigation, their commercial readiness varies from early-stage research to applied field treatments requiring ongoing collaborative development before standardised deployment.
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In recent years, the progressive escalation of climate change scenarios has emerged as a significant global concern. The threat to global food security posed by abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, temperature stress (heat stress, freezing, and chilling), and high heavy metal accumulation is substantial. The implementation of any of these stresses on agricultural land induces modifications in the morphological, biochemical, and physiological processes of plants, leading to diminished rates of germination, growth, photosynthesis, respiration, hormone and enzyme activity disruption, heightened oxidative stress, and ultimately, a reduction in crop productivity. It is anticipated that the frequency of these stresses will progressively escalate in the future as a result of a rise in climate change events. Therefore, it is crucial to develop productive strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of these challenges on the agriculture industry and improve crop resilience and yield. Diverse strategies have been implemented, including the development of cultivars that are resistant to climate change through the application of both conventional and modern breeding techniques. An additional application of the prospective and emerging technology of speed breeding is the acceleration of tolerance cultivar development. Additionally, plant growth regulators, osmoprotectants, nutrient and water management, planting time, seed priming, microbial seed treatment, and arbuscular mycorrhiza are regarded as effective methods for mitigating abiotic stresses. The application of biochar, kaolin, chitosan, superabsorbent, yeast extract, and seaweed extract are examples of promising and environmentally benign agronomic techniques that have been shown to mitigate the effects of abiotic stresses on crops; however, their exact mechanisms are still not yet fully understood. Hence, collaboration among researchers should be intensified to fully elucidate the mechanisms involved in the action of the emerging technologies. This review provides a comprehensive and current compilation of scientific information on emerging and current trends, along with innovative strategies to enhance agricultural productivity under abiotic stress conditions.
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DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae10020156
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