Real-time implementation of model predictive control law for direct current regulation of a DC-DC boost converter used in renewable energy conversion system

Abstract

• A new real-time implementation of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) law for a DC-DC boost converter connected to variable loads was proposed. • Precise current regulation through accurate duty cycle control updates was ensured, enabling the inverter's frequency switching to be activated or deactivated as needed. • Compared to the PI controller, the MPC law proves more efficient, preventing oscillations in both transient and steady-state output current responses. • Experimental tests were validated for either a current inductance load or a resistive load. While Model Predictive Control (MPC) has been widely studied in power electronics, its real-time implementation on DC-DC boost converters—particularly under variable loading conditions—remains limited. This paper proposes a new real-time implementation of the Model Predictive Control (MPC) law for a DC-DC boost converter connected to variable loads. This implementation ensures precise current regulation through accurate duty cycle control updates, enabling the inverter's frequency switching to be activated or deactivated as needed. This is achieved by proposing a predictive model of the current occurring in the first channel of the converter model, where a fitness function—comprising reference tracking and control effort—is minimized. Compared to the proportional-integral (PI) controller, the MPC law proves more efficient, particularly in preventing oscillations in both transient and steady-state output current responses. This advantage is validated through experimental tests for either a current inductance load or a resistive load. Since this type of real-time implementation has not been previously applied on this converter, it constitutes the main contribution of this paper.