Real-Time Emulator of Robust Speed Controller for PMSM Wind Energy Conversion via a FATA Morgana Algorithm using OPAL-RT

Abstract

This study investigates advancements in modern wind power systems, focusing on rapid wind speed tracking, efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and enhanced performance under uncertain wind conditions. A novel MPPT method is proposed, based on the FATA Morgana Algorithm-based PI controller FATA-PIC. To evaluate its effectiveness, the FATA-PIC is compared with two techniques: the Harris Hawks algorithm-based PI controller (HHA-PIC) and the conventional PI controller (CPIC). Performance metrics include power efficiency, algorithmic complexity, and adaptability to varying wind conditions. Extensive simulations are conducted in MATLAB/SIMULINK under various wind speed scenarios-including step changes, ramp variations, and real-world wind fluctuations. The results indicate that the FATA-PIC controller consistently delivers superior performance, reaching an efficiency of 90.03%, which slightly surpasses the 88.57% achieved by HHA-PIC and the 87.20% recorded with CPIC. Additionally, the root mean square error (RMSE) analysis confirms the high accuracy of the FATA-PIC in estimating wind speed and maintaining performance stability under dynamic conditions. To further validate these findings, the proposed control system is implemented in real time using OPAL-RT 4610 platform. This advanced real-time simulator enables precise hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) integration of detailed MATLAB/Simulink models, facilitating accurate emulation of real-world operating conditions. The real-time simulations confirm that the FATA-PIC offers better dynamic response and control quality when compared to HHA-PIC and CPIC controllers, especially during critical transition periods and under rapidly.